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Study Abroad => Study Abroad => Topic started by: Haji Hasan on December 09, 2007, 09:05:43 PM

Title: U.A.E United Arab Emirates متحدہ عرب امارات
Post by: Haji Hasan on December 09, 2007, 09:05:43 PM


متحدہ عرب امارات U.a.E

متحدہ عرب امارات كا دارالحكومت ابوظہبی ہے۔ متحدہ عرب امارات دراصل سات ملكوں پر مشتمل ہے۔ اس میں ابو ظہبی ، دوبئی، شارجہ، راس الخمیہ، عما، فجیرہ ، ام القوین شامل ہیں۔ ان میں سے ابو ظہبی سب سے بڑی ریاست ہے۔ متحدہ عرب امارات جزیرہ نما عرب كے مشرقی ساحل پر واقع ہے۔ اس كی سب سے بڑی پیداوار تیل ہے۔ دنیا میں تیل پیدا كرنے كے لحاظ سے چوتھے نمبر پر ہے۔ تقریبا ایك لاكھ كلومیٹر رقبہ پر مشتمل ہ۔ یہاں كے زیادہ تر لوگ ماہی گیری، تجارت اور زراعت كے شعبہ سے منسلك ہیں۔ یہاں كا زیادہ تر حصہ ریگستانوں پر مشتمل ہے۔ یہاں پر گھروں كے نمبر نہیں ہوتے بلكہ پوسٹ كوڈ اور پوسٹ بكس ہوتے ہیں۔ غیر ملكیوں كی بہتات كی وجہ سے مكانات كرایہ پر كم ملتے ہیں۔

یہاں پر تعلیم پانچویں تك مفت ہے۔ ذریعہ تعلیم عربی ہے۔ حكومت كی طرف سے كتابیں بھی مفت مہیا كی جاتی ہیں۔

طبی سہولتیں ہر شخص كے لیے مفت ہیں۔ گشتی شفا خانوں كی بڑی تعداد موجود ہے۔

جو دور دراز كے علاقوں كے لوگوں كو طبی سہولتیں پہنچاتی ہیں۔

شارجہ دوبئی سے 41 كلومیٹر كے فاصلے پر ہے۔ شارجہ بڑی بڑی كمپنیوں كا مركز ہے۔ بڑے بڑے اور خوب صورت شاپنگ سنٹر بنائے گئے ہیں۔ عجمان شارجہ سے نو كلومیٹر كے فاصلہ پر ہے۔ یہ ریاست تین اطراف سے شارجہ میں گھری ہوئی ہے۔ چوتھی سمت میں سمندر ہے۔

یہاں سے پانی پورے امارات كو مہیا كیا جاتا ہے۔

ام القوین، عجمان سے ٣٢ كلومیٹر كے فاصلہ پر واقع ہے۔ یہاں ماہی گیری كو ترقی دی جا رہی ہے۔ راس الخمیہ مزید ٤١ كلومیٹر پہاڑی ڈھلوان پر واقع ہے۔ یہاں زراعت آسان ہے۔ فجیرہ مشرقی ساحل پر شارجہ كے قریب واقع ہے۔ یہاں بھی بارشیں اكثر ہوتی ہیں۔ زراعت آسانی سے ہوتی ہے۔


Title: Re: متحدہ عرب امارات U.A.E
Post by: iram on April 20, 2008, 05:45:44 PM

United Arab Emirates

The United Arab Emirates (UAE) (Arabic: دولة الإمارات العربية المتحدة, transliteration: Dolat Al-Imārāt al-‘Arabīyah al-Muttaḥidah) is a Middle Eastern federation of seven states situated in the southeast of the Arabian Peninsula in Southwest Asia on the Persian Gulf, bordering Oman and Saudi Arabia. The seven states, termed emirates, are Abu Dhabi, Ajman, Dubai, Fujairah, Ras al-Khaimah, Sharjah, and Umm al-Quwain.

The UAE, rich in oil and natural gas, has become highly prosperous after gaining foreign direct investment funding in the 1970s. The country has a relatively high Human Development Index for the Asian continent and ranked 39th globally.

Before 1971, the UAE were known as the Trucial States or Trucial Oman, in reference to a nineteenth-century truce between Britain and several Arab Sheikhs. The name Pirate Coast has also

been used in reference to the area's emirates in the 18th to early 20th century.[1]


History

History of the United Arab Emirates

The United Arab Emirates was formed from tribally organized Arabian Peninsula sheikhdoms along the southern coast of the Persian Gulf and the northwestern coast of the Gulf of Oman. The area became Islamic in the 7th century.

Later, portions of the nation came under the direct influence of the Ottoman Empire during the 16th century. Thereafter the region was known as the Pirate Coast, as raiders based there harassed the shipping industry, despite both European and Arab navies patrolling the area from the 17th century into the 19th century. British expeditions to protect the Indian trade from raiders at Ras al-Khaimah led to campaigns against that headquarters and other harbors along the coast in 1819. The next year, a peace treaty was signed to which all the sheikhs of the coast adhered. Raids continued intermittently until 1835, when the sheikhs agreed not to engage in hostilities at sea. In 1853, they signed a treaty with the United Kingdom, under which the sheikhs (the "Trucial Sheikhdoms") agreed to a "perpetual maritime truce." It was enforced by the United Kingdom, and disputes among sheikhs were referred to the British for settlement.

Primarily in reaction to the ambitions of other European countries, the United Kingdom and the Trucial Sheikhdoms established closer bonds in an 1892 treaty, similar to treaties entered into by the UK with other Persian Gulf principalities. The sheikhs agreed not to dispose of any territory except to the United Kingdom and not to enter into relationships with any foreign government other than the United Kingdom without its consent. In return, the British promised to protect the Trucial Coast from all aggression by sea and to help in case of land attack.

In 1955, the United Kingdom sided with Abu Dhabi in the latter's dispute with Oman over the Buraimi Oasis and other territory to the south. A 1974 agreement between Abu Dhabi and Saudi Arabia would have settled the Abu Dhabi-Saudi border dispute; however, the agreement has yet to be ratified by the UAE Government and is not recognized by the Saudi Government. The border with Oman also remains officially unsettled, but the two governments agreed to delineate the border in May 1999.

In the early 1960s Dubai was ahead of all the other states even though oil was not yet discovered in its territories. Abu Dhabi was behind until His Highness Shaikh Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan became ruler of Abu Dhabi in 1967.[citation needed]

The British had earlier started a development office that helped in some small developments in the Emirates. The sheikhs of the Emirates decided then to form a council to coordinate matters between them and took over the development office. They formed the Trucial States Council, [2] and appointed Adi Bitar, Sheikh Rashid bin Saeed Al Maktoum's Legal Advisor, as Secretary General and Legal Advisor to the Council. The Council was terminated once the United Arab Emirates was formed.

In 1968, the UK announced its decision, reaffirmed in March 1971, to end the treaty relationships with the seven Trucial Sheikhdoms which had been, together with Bahrain and Qatar, under British protection. The nine attempted to form a union of Arab Emirates, but by mid-1971 they were unable to agree on terms of union, even though the termination date of the British treaty relationship was the end of 1971.

Bahrain became independent in August and Qatar in September 1971. When the British-Trucial Shaikhdoms treaty expired on December 1, 1971, they became fully independent.

The rulers of Abu Dhabi and Dubai decided to form a union between their two Emirates independently, prepare a constitution, then call the Rulers of the other five emirates to a meeting and offer them to join. It was also agreed between both of them that Adi Bitar write the constitution and have it ready by 2 December 1971.

On December 2, 1971, at the Dubai Guesthouse Palace four other Emirates agreed to join and enter into a union of six Emirates called the United Arab Emirates. Ras al-Khaimah joined later, in early 1972.

The UAE sent forces into Kuwait during the 1990–91 Gulf War.

On November 2, 2004, the UAE's first president, Sheikh Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan, died. His eldest son, Khalifa bin Zayed Al Nahyan, succeeded him as ruler of Abu Dhabi. In accordance with the Constitution, the UAE's Supreme Council of Rulers elected Khalifa as president. Mohammad bin Zayed Al Nahyan succeeded Khalifa as Crown Prince of Abu Dhabi.

Administrative divisions

 Emirates of the United Arab Emirates
    See also: Ranked lists of UAE Emirates, List of cities in the United Arab Emirates, and Category:Towns and villages in the United Arab Emirates
Abu Dhabi
Dubai
Sharjah
Al Ain
Ajman
RAK
Al Fujairah
UAQ
Major cities of the United Arab Emirates

The United Arab Emirates is a federation which consists of seven emirates: Abu Dhabi, Ajman, Dubai, Fujairah, Ras al-Khaimah, Sharjah, and Umm al-Quwain, largest of which is the emirate of Abu Dhabi which contains the nation's capital city Abu Dhabi.

Exclaves and enclaves

Five emirates have one or more exclaves, in addition to the main territory:

    * Ajman: 1 exclave
    * Dubai: 1 exclave
    * Fujairah: 2 exclaves
    * Ras al-Khaimah: 1 exclave
    * Sharjah: 3 exclaves

There are two areas under joint control. One is jointly controlled by Oman and Ajman, the other by Fujairah and Sharjah.

There is an Omani enclave surrounded by UAE territory, known as Wadi Madha. It is located halfway between the Musandam peninsula and the rest of Oman, on the Dubai-Hatta road in the Emirate of Sharjah. It covers approximately 75 square kilometres (29 sq mi) and the boundary was settled in 1589. The north-east corner of Madha is closest to the Khor Fakkan-Fujairah road, barely 10 metres (33 ft) away. Within the enclave is a UAE exclave called Nahwa, also belonging to the Emirate of Sharjah. It is about 8 kilometres (5 mi) on a dirt track west of the town of New Madha. It consists of about forty houses with its own clinic and telephone exchange.

Politics of the United Arab Emirates

Foreign relations of the United Arab Emirates and Military of the United Arab Emirates

The Presidency and Premiership of the United Arab Emirates is de facto hereditary to the Al Nahyan clan of Abu Dhabi and the Al Maktoum clan of Dubai. The Supreme Council, consisting of the rulers of the seven emirates, also elects the Council of Ministers, while an appointed forty-member Federal National Council, drawn from all the emirates, reviews proposed laws. There is a federal court system; all emirates except Dubai and Ras al-Khaimah have joined the federal system; all emirates have both secular and Islamic law for civil, criminal, and high courts. Sheikh Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan was the union's president from the nation's founding until his death on 2 November 2004. The Federal Supreme Council elected his son, Khalifa bin Zayed Al Nahyan, president the next day.

Demographics of the United Arab Emirates

The UAE population has an unnatural sex distribution consisting of more than twice the number of males than females. The 15-65 age group has a male(s)/female sex ratio of 2.743. UAE's gender imbalance is the highest among any nation in the world followed by Qatar, Kuwait, Bahrain, Oman, and Saudi Arabia - all of which together comprise the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC).[3] The GCC states are also what most South and Southeast Asians refer to as the Gulf especially in context of emigration.[4]

UAE has one of the most diverse populations in the Middle East.[5] 19 % of the population is Emirati, and 23 % is other Arabs and Iranians [6]. An estimated 85 percent of the population is comprised of non-citizens, one of the world's highest percentages of foreign-born in any nation. In addition, since the mid-1980s, people from all across South Asia have settled in the UAE. The high living standards and economic opportunities in the UAE are better than almost anywhere else in the Middle East and South Asia. This makes the nation an attractive destination for Indians, Filipinos, Pakistanis, and Bangladeshis along with a few thousand Sri Lankans. In 2006, there were approximately 2.15 million Indian nationals, Philippines Nationals—OFW, Bangladeshi nationals, and Pakistani nationals in the UAE, making them the largest expatriate community in the oil-rich nation.[7] Persons from over twenty Arab nationalities, including thousands of Palestinians who came as either political refugees or migrant workers, also live in the UAE.
A Muslim woman shopping at Dubai Duty Free

The most populated city is Dubai, with approximately 1.6 million people. Other major cities include Abu Dhabi, Al Ain, Sharjah, and Fujairah. About 88% of the population of the United Arab Emirates is urban.[8] The remaining inhabitants live in tiny towns scattered throughout the country or in one of the many desert oilfield camps in the nation.

There are also residents from other parts of the Middle East, Baluchistan region of Pakistan, Iran and Afghanistan, Africa, Europe, Post-Soviet states, and North America. The UAE has attracted a small number of very affluent expatriates (Americans, British, Canadians, Japanese, Chinese and Australians) from developed countries who are attracted to a very warm climate, scenic views (beaches, golf courses, man-made islands and lucrative housing tracts in Abu Dhabi and Dubai), the nation's comparably low cost of living (but in 2006, thousands of real estate properties are valued over millions of dollars) and tax-free incentives for their business or residency in the UAE. They make up under 5 percent of the UAE population; mainly English-speaking. Expatriates adhere to the law and customs of the UAE, their adopted country.

Culture and religion

 Islam in the United Arab Emirates, Roman Catholicism in the United Arab Emirates, Music of the United Arab Emirates, Cinema of the United Arab Emirates, UAE Public Library and Cultural Center, and Yowla

Sheikh Zayed Mosque in Abu Dhabi under construction

Rooted in Islamic culture, the UAE has strong ties with the rest of the Arab and Islamic world. The government is committed to preserving traditional forms of art and culture, primarily through the Abu Dhabi Cultural Foundation. The first known manuscript produced in the UAE was Al jawaher wal la'li, a text which discusses the emirates of the nation.[citation needed]

Nearly all citizens are Muslims, approximately 85 percent of whom are Sunni and the remaining 15 percent are Shi'a. According to official ministry documents, 76 percent of the total population is Muslim, 9% is Christian, and 15 percent is other. Other unnofficial sources claim that 15 percent is Hindu, 5 percent is Buddhist, and the remaining 5 percent is other (mainly including Parsi, Bahá'í, and Sikh.[9]

Dubai is the only emirate of the UAE with both a Hindu Temple and a Sikh Gurdwara. Christian churches are also present in the country. There are a variety of Asian-influenced schools, restaurants and cultural centers.

Economy of the United Arab Emirates

Abu Dhabi
Deira, Dubai

The United Arab Emirates has a highly industrialized economy that makes the country one of the most developed in the world, based on various socioeconomic indicators such as GDP per capita, energy consumption per capita, and the Human Development Index.

The GDP per capita is currently the 5th in the world and 3rd in the Middle East after Qatar and Kuwait as measured by the CIA World Factbook, or the 17th in the world as measured by the International Monetary Fund; while at $168 billion in 2006, with a small population of 4 million, the GDP of the UAE ranks second in the CCASG (after Saudi Arabia), third in the Middle East — North Africa (MENA) region (after Saudi Arabia and Iran), and 38th in the world (ahead of Malaysia).[10]

There are various deviating estimates regarding the actual growth rate of the nation’s GDP. However, all available statistics indicate that the UAE currently has one of the fastest growing economies in the world. According to a recent report by the Ministry of Finance and Industry, real GDP rose by 35 percent in 2006 to $175 billion, compared with $130 billion in 2005. These figures would suggest that the UAE had the fastest growing real GDP in the world, between 2005 and 2006.[11]

Although the United Arab Emirates is becoming less dependent on natural resources as a source of revenue, petroleum and natural gas exports still play an important role in the economy, especially in Abu Dhabi. A massive construction boom, an expanding manufacturing base, and a thriving services sector are helping the UAE diversify its economy. Nationwide, there is currently $350 billion worth of active construction projects.[12] Such projects include the Burj Dubai, which is slated to become the world's tallest building, Dubai World Central International Airport which, when completed, will be the most expensive airport ever built, and the three Palm Islands, the largest artificial islands in the world. Other projects include the Dubai Mall which will become the world's largest shopping mall when completed, and a man-made archipelago called The World which seeks to increase Dubai's rapidly growing tourism industry. Also in the entertainment sector is the construction of Dubailand, which is expected to be twice the size of Disney World, and of Dubai Sports City which will not only provide homes for local sports teams but may be part of future Olympic bids.

The currency of the United Arab Emirates is the Emirati Dirham, exchanging at a rate of about 3.67 per US dollar.

[edit] Education


The American University of Sharjah

The education system up to the secondary level is monitored by the Ministry of Education. It consists of primary schools, middle schools and secondary schools. The public schools are government-funded and the curriculum is created to match the United Arab Emirates development's goals and values. The medium of instruction in the public school is Arabic with emphasis on English as a second language. There are also many private schools which are internationally accredited. Public schools in the country are free for citizens of the UAE, while the fees for private schools vary.

The higher education system is monitored by the Ministry of Higher Education to serve and protect children education. The Ministry also is responsible for admitting students to its undergraduate institutions, including the five largest centers of higher education: United Arab Emirates University, Zayed University, Gulf Medical College, University of Sharjah and Higher Colleges of Technology. There are also many other private universities and colleges in the country, including the American University of Sharjah, S.P Jain Center of Management in Dubai, Al Ain University of Science and Technology, Institute of Management Technology Dubai, the American University of Dubai, Abu Dhabi University and Ras Al Khamiah University for medical and health sciences. Finally, other universities based in foreign countries have established campuses in the United Arab Emirates. For instance, there is a Paris-Sorbonne campus in Abu Dhabi.

The UAE has shown a strong recent interest in improving education and research. Recent enterprises include the establishment of the CERT Research Centers and the Masdar Institute of Science and Technology.

Human rights in the United Arab Emirates

Homosexual activity is illegal and those convicted of it are subject to jail sentences and/or compulsory psychiatric treatment.

Although the UAE government has made some advances in the protection of human rights, the U.S. Department of State notes in its annual[specify] report on human rights practices that numerous fundamentalist practices and policies exist to the contrary.

Guest workers are brought in from South Asia, and a common objection is that they are grossly underpaid as their passports are held by their employers. There have been many reports of unskilled workers getting underpaid, and complaints of segregation abound.

The UAE also does not allow individuals past retirement age to stay within the country without a job. Upon retirement, residents must return to their country of origin.

Discrimination in the workplace is common, prospective employers will specify religion, nationality (and even regional origin in some cases) and also specify the sex of required candidates within job advertisements. It is very common to have different pay scales depending on nationality and sex. There are discrimination policies in place also that require certain roles to be filled by UAE nationals.

Transportation

Transport in the United Arab Emirates

Map of Dubai's train system. And from left: Dubai Waterfront, (Palm Islands) The Palm, Jebel Ali, The Palm, Jumeirah; The World; The Palm, Deira.
Inside the Dubai International airport terminal

Dubai has a public transport system called the Roads and Transport Authority (RTA). This authority is responsible for the bus network currently in operation. Recently, the RTA purchased 300 buses from Germany's MAN AG in an effort to reduce the city's growing traffic problem. RTA is also developing the Dubai Metro system. The first line (Red Line) is expected to complete by September 2009. The yellow lines, currently in development will go through the man-made Palm Islands.

Lately, Emirate of Dubai has created new electronic toll collection system in July 2007, which emphasizes the system’s congestion management objectives as well as the choice of technology for the toll system. The new system, which is called Salik (meaning clear and smooth in Arabic) utilizes the latest technology to achieve free flow operation with no toll booths, no toll collectors, and no impact to traffic flow, allowing vehicles to move freely through the toll point at highway speeds. Each time one passes through a Salik toll point, the toll of AED 4 (1.09 USD) will be deducted from his or her prepaid toll account using advanced Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) technology. The new system was introduced and executed by Roads and Transport Authority of Dubai.[13]

Airline history

The national airline of Abu Dhabi was formerly Gulf Air, operated jointly with Bahrain and Oman. On September 13, 2005, Abu Dhabi announced that it was withdrawing from Gulf Air to concentrate on Etihad Airways, designated as the new national carrier of the UAE, established in November 2003.

In 1985, Dubai established its airline Emirates, which, as of 2007, is one of the fastest growing airlines in the world.[14]

Air Arabia, a leading discount airline in the Gulf region, is based in the Emirate of Sharjah.

Technology, media and telecommunications

    Main article: Communications in the United Arab Emirates

Media

Media is one of the first industries that the emirate of Dubai has sought to develop through a number of micro-cities. Dubai Media City has helped to make Dubai the media hub for the region, encompassing both the creation of media, from print through television and new media, and the advertising and marketing industry.

A number of international news organizations, including Reuters, Associated Press, Agence France Press, Bloomberg, Dow Jones Newswires, CNN and the BBC, all have a presence in Dubai Media City, and enjoy complete freedom to report on local and regional events.

The leading English-language newspapers based in the UAE are:

    * Gulf News, the highest circulating broadsheet
    * 7DAYS, the highest circulating tabloid
    * Khaleej Times, the second-highest circulating broadsheet
    * Emirates Business 24|7, the UAE's first and only business newspaper
    * Xpress, a tabloid published every Thursday, by Gulf News

From late 2007, the international editions of The Times of London and its sister paper The Sunday Times will be printed in Dubai for local distribution.
Title: Re: U.A.E United Arab Emirates متحدہ عرب امارات
Post by: iram on April 20, 2008, 05:49:46 PM
List Schools in the United Arab Emirates

    * Abu Dhabi Indian School
    * American International School - Abu Dhabi
    * American School of Dubai
    * Dubai British School
    * Dubai College
    * Dubai Modern High School
    * English College Dubai
    * International School of Choueifat
    * Our Own English High School
    * Sharjah American International School
    * Tamkeen
    * Emirates International School
    * Uptown School

Universities and colleges in the United Arab Emirates

    * George Mason University - Ras Al Khaimah Campus
    * Abu Dhabi Men's College
    * Abu Dhabi Women's College
    * Ajman University of Science and Technology
    * Al Ain Men's College
    * Al Ain Women's College
    * American University of Asia
    * CERT Group of Companies
    * American University in Dubai
    * Dubai Medical College for Girls
    * Dubai Men's College
    * Dubai Women's College
    * Etisalat University College
    * Fujairah Men's College
    * Fujairah Women's College
    * Al Ghurair University
    * Heriot-Watt University Dubai
    * Higher Colleges of Technology
    * Ras Al Khaimah Men's College
    * Ras Al Khaimah Women's College
    * American University of Sharjah
    * Sharjah Men's College
    * Sharjah Women's College
    * The British University in Dubai
    * United Arab Emirates University
    * University of Wollongong in Dubai
    * Zayed University
Title: Re: U.A.E United Arab Emirates متحدہ عرب امارات
Post by: emanali on August 09, 2008, 09:51:03 PM
aoa thnz 4 providing useful information.i want to ask the employment rate for qualified persons.if one is willing for lecturership in colleges named above then wt wll b procedure?if any1 have in40 about it then plz do provide us the details thnz
Title: Universities in United Arab Emirates
Post by: AKBAR on October 14, 2008, 01:16:39 AM
Universities in United Arab Emirates
 
Ajman University College of Science & Technology
United Arab Emirates University